Facial Dark Spots or Melasma
Melasma, also known as facial sunspots, refer to the skin discolorations that are found on the skin, primarily on facial areas. The upper lip, forehead, nose, and cheekbones are the most common places where these hyperpigmentations are observed. They are considered a cosmetic issue as they result from dysfunction of the superficial cells of the skin.
It is more commonly manifested in women, especially those with darker skin. The appropriate medical professional for diagnosing and treating facial sunspots is a dermatologist.
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Why do dark spots occur?
Dark spots are a condition of unknown etiology. However, some of the key reasons that contribute to their development include:
- Chronic sun exposure without protection
- Genetic predisposition
- The use of medications that increase photosensitivity (like contraceptive pills, cortisone)
- Hormonal changes (such as during pregnancy)
- Iron, magnesium, and vitamin C deficiency
- Lastly, acne scars, burns, or injuries that are not promptly treated may lead to the development of melasma.
What are the types of melasma?
Melasma is categorized into four types based on its characteristics:
Epidermal: The melasma is located in the superficial layers of the skin, with a light brown color and clear boundaries.
Mixed: The spots are found in deeper layers of the skin. They are dark brown in color and their shape is not as well-defined.
Dermal: In this type, the melasma is deeper with an indistinct shape and very dark color.
Indeterminate: This usually appears in individuals with darker skin tones.
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Methods for Treating Melasma (Sunspots)
- Chemical Peels: Treating sunspots with trichloroacetic acid (TCA) peels is highly effective because the doctor can select the degree of exfoliation depending on the concentration used. This depends on the type of melasma and the extent of the issue. Within a week, a mild peeling is observed, leaving the area clear and radiant. The number of sessions is determined by the dermatologist.
- Pico Laser: Sunspots can be combated with the use of the Pico laser. Due to picosecond technology, it targets melanin while leaving the underlying skin tissues unaffected. It is a quick, painless, and safe method. The number of sessions depends on the extent of the problem.
- Laser Photorejuvenation: The Nordly’s by Ellipse laser features a special photorejuvenation head that removes unwanted signs of photoaging in just a few sessions. It stimulates the skin’s fibroblasts, resulting in the production of elastin and collagen. This leaves the skin smooth and radiant.
- Whitening Cream: Often, a combination of the above treatments is used with the application of topical whitening agents. In any case, the dermatologist is the expert who will recommend the most effective method for each patient.
It should be noted that the CO2 Laser is not recommended for the removal of sunspots, as it causes thermal damage to the skin and may worsen the problem.”
Can I predict Melasma?
Even after treating dark spots, there is a significant risk of their recurrence. For this reason, it’s recommended to avoid exposure to ultraviolet radiation and refrain from using cosmetics containing ingredients that promote photosensitivity.
It is also advised to consistently use sunscreen throughout the year, especially during the summer months, as exposure to UV rays can exacerbate the problem by darkening the spots.
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